在 Ubuntu21.10 版本系统中源码方式安装 Nginx 步骤如下：
使用浏览器访问 http://nginx.org/download/ 地址，你可以看见所有可用版本的 Nginx 安装包，这里我们选择 nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz 安装包，命令如下：
hxstrive@course:/opt$ sudo wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz [sudo] password for hxstrive: --2022-03-14 12:42:26-- http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 52.58.199.22, 3.125.197.172, 2a05:d014:edb:5704::6, ... Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|52.58.199.22|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1043748 (1019K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz’ nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz 100%[==============================================>] 1019K 265KB/s in 3.8s 2022-03-14 12:42:32 (265 KB/s) - ‘nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz’ saved [1043748/1043748]
使用 命令将压缩包解压，命令如下：
hxstrive@course:/opt$ sudo tar -xvzf nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz nginx-1.19.0/ nginx-1.19.0/auto/ nginx-1.19.0/conf/ nginx-1.19.0/contrib/ nginx-1.19.0/src/ nginx-1.19.0/configure nginx-1.19.0/LICENSE ...
下面将安装 nginx 编译依赖的一些组件，如下：
hxstrive@course:/opt$ sudo apt install openssl libssl-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev make Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done libpcre3 is already the newest version (2:8.39-13build3). libpcre3 set to manually installed. ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.34-0ubuntu3.2) ...
依赖说明：
openssl：是一个开放源代码的软件库包，应用程序可以使用这个包来进行安全通信，避免窃听，同时确认另一端连接者的身份。
libssl-dev：是 OpenSSL 通用库
libpcre3：是 Perl 兼容的正则表达式共享库
libpcre3-dev：是 Perl 兼容的正则表达式共享开发库
zlib1g-dev：是压缩开发库
make：安装 make 命令
注意：如果你本地没有 gcc 编译器，还需要运行 sudo apt install gcc 命令，安装 gcc 编译器。
在编译 nginx 之前，我们需要使用 configure 命令进行一些预编译操作，如：指定安装 nginx 的基础地址、开启 HTTPS、UDP/TCP 模块，命令如下：
hxstrive@course:/opt/nginx-1.19.0$ sudo ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-stream \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/opt/nginx/temp/client_body_temp \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/opt/nginx/temp/proxy_temp \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/temp/fastcgi_temp \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/temp/uwsgi_temp \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/temp/scgi_temp [sudo] password for hxstrive: checking for OS + Linux 5.13.0-35-generic x86_64 checking for C compiler ... found + using GNU C compiler + gcc version: 11.2.0 (Ubuntu 11.2.0-7ubuntu2) ... checking for zlib library ... found creating objs/Makefile Configuration summary + using system PCRE library + using system OpenSSL library + using system zlib library nginx path prefix: "/opt/nginx" nginx binary file: "/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx" nginx modules path: "/opt/nginx/modules" nginx configuration prefix: "/opt/nginx/conf" nginx configuration file: "/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" nginx pid file: "/opt/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" nginx error log file: "/opt/nginx/logs/error.log" nginx http access log file: "/opt/nginx/logs/access.log" nginx http client request body temporary files: "/opt/nginx/temp/client_body_temp" nginx http proxy temporary files: "/opt/nginx/temp/proxy_temp" nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/temp/fastcgi_temp" nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/temp/uwsgi_temp" nginx http scgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/temp/scgi_temp"
其中，--prefix=/opt/nginx 用来指定安装的基础地址；--with-http_ssl_module 表示开启 HTTPS 功能；--with-stream 表示开启 UDP/TCP 模块；
运行 命令去安装 nginx，命令如下：
hxstrive@course:/opt/nginx-1.19.0$ sudo make && make install make -f objs/Makefile make[1]: Entering directory '/opt/nginx-1.19.0' make[1]: Nothing to be done for 'build'. make[1]: Leaving directory '/opt/nginx-1.19.0' make -f objs/Makefile install make[1]: Entering directory '/opt/nginx-1.19.0' test -d '/opt/nginx' || mkdir -p '/opt/nginx' mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/opt/nginx’: Permission denied make[1]: *** [objs/Makefile:1426: install] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory '/opt/nginx-1.19.0' make: *** [Makefile:11: install] Error 2
上面出现了错误信息“mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/opt/nginx’: Permission denied”表示没有权限创建“/opt/nginx”目录。使用如下命令创建目录：
# 创建目录 hxstrive@course: sudo mkdir -p /opt/nginx # 修改目录所有者 hxstrive@course: sudo chown hxstrive:hxstrive /opt/nginx
再次执行 命令。当我们安装成功后，使用 ln 命令在 /usr/sbin 目录中创建一个软链接，命令如下：
hxstrive@course:/opt/nginx$ sudo ln -s /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx hxstrive@course:/opt/nginx$ ll /usr/sbin/nginx lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 3月 14 13:45 /usr/sbin/nginx -> /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx*
使用 nginx -v 命令验证 nginx 安装是否成功，命令如下：
hxstrive@course:/opt/nginx$ nginx -v
hxstrive@course:/opt/nginx$ sudo nginx
在浏览器地址栏输入 http://localhost 访问 nginx，如下图：
