进入 MySQL 官网，下载 Ubuntu Linux 21.10 (x86, 64-bit) 版本的 MySQL 安装包。命令如下：
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar --2022-03-16 13:02:53-- https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar Resolving cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 23.56.1.19 Connecting to cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|23.56.1.19|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 297881600 (284M) [application/x-tar] Saving to: ‘mysql-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar’ mysql-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu2 100%[==============================================>] 284.08M 6.05MB/s in 89s 2022-03-16 13:04:23 (3.20 MB/s) - ‘mysql-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar’ saved [297881600/297881600]
使用命令解压安装包，注意，这里没有使用 -z 选项，因为安装包没有使用 zip 进行压缩。命令如下：
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ tar -xvf mysql-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar libmysqlclient-dev_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb libmysqlclient21_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb mysql-client_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb mysql-common_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb mysql-community-client-core_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb mysql-community-client-plugins_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb mysql-community-client_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb mysql-community-server-core_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb mysql-community-server-debug_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb mysql-community-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb mysql-community-test-debug_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb mysql-community-test_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb mysql-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb mysql-testsuite_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb
运行如下命令安装 libaio1 和 libmecab2 第三方依赖库。如下：
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ sudo apt-get install libaio1 libmecab2 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: libaio1 libmecab2 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded. 2 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 206 kB of archives. After this operation, 910 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish/main amd64 libaio1 amd64 0.3.112-9ubuntu1 [6,972 B] Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish/main amd64 libmecab2 amd64 0.996-14build4 [199 kB] Fetched 206 kB in 32s (6,476 B/s) Selecting previously unselected package libaio1:amd64. (Reading database ... 161808 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libaio1_0.3.112-9ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libaio1:amd64 (0.3.112-9ubuntu1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libmecab2:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libmecab2_0.996-14build4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libmecab2:amd64 (0.996-14build4) ... Setting up libmecab2:amd64 (0.996-14build4) ... Setting up mysql-client (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Setting up libaio1:amd64 (0.3.112-9ubuntu1) ... Setting up mysql-community-server-core (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.34-0ubuntu3.2) ...
上面将安装包解压后出现了很多 deb 后缀的安装包。此时，执行这些安装顺序将变得非常重要，因为它们之间存在依赖关系，安装顺序如下：
mysql-common_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb
mysql-community-client-plugins_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb
libmysqlclient21_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb
libmysqlclient-dev_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb
mysql-community-client-core_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb
mysql-community-client-plugins_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb
mysql-community-client_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb
mysql-community-server-core_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb
mysql-community-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb
mysql-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-common_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 161663 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack mysql-common_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mysql-common (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) over (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Setting up mysql-common (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ...
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client-plugins_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-client-plugins. (Reading database ... 161663 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack mysql-community-client-plugins_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mysql-community-client-plugins (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Setting up mysql-community-client-plugins (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.34-0ubuntu3.2) ...
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ sudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient21_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 161677 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack libmysqlclient21_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libmysqlclient21:amd64 (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) over (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Setting up libmysqlclient21:amd64 (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.34-0ubuntu3.2) ...
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ sudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient-dev_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 161677 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack libmysqlclient-dev_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libmysqlclient-dev (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) over (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Setting up libmysqlclient-dev (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ...
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client-core_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 161683 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack mysql-community-client-core_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mysql-community-client-core (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) over (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Setting up mysql-community-client-core (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ...
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client-plugins_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 161683 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack mysql-community-client-plugins_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mysql-community-client-plugins (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) over (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Setting up mysql-community-client-plugins (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.34-0ubuntu3.2) ...
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 161683 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack mysql-community-client_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mysql-community-client (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) over (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Setting up mysql-community-client (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ...
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-server-core_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 161819 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack mysql-community-server-core_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mysql-community-server-core (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) over (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Setting up mysql-community-server-core (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.34-0ubuntu3.2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ...
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-server. (Reading database ... 161819 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack mysql-community-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mysql-community-server (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Setting up mysql-community-server (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service → /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.
在安装该安装包的过程中，将跳转到如下页面。使用该页面给 root 账号设置访问密码，如下图：
密码输入完成后，使用 tab 键跳转到“<ok>”按钮。将再次跳转到配置页面，配置密码存储加密方式，如下图：
使用 tab 键跳转到“<ok>”按钮保存配置信息。
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server. (Reading database ... 161838 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack mysql-server_8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mysql-server (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ... Setting up mysql-server (8.0.27-1ubuntu21.10) ...
默认情况下，MySQL安装完后，会自动启动。运行下面命令查看 mysql 是否启动：
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ netstat -tap | grep mysql (Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.) tcp6 0 0 [::]:mysql [::]:* LISTEN -
使用 mysql 命令验证是否可以成功登录到 MySQL。命令如下：
hxstrive@course:~/Desktop$ mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 8.0.27 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
