Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]

今天想使用 spring 集成 freemarker 学学  freemarker 的一些知识，但是在配置好 spring 项目后，启动抛出了如下错误信息。如下：

六月 30, 2020 9:49:00 下午 org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader initWebApplicationContext
严重: Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:344)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:304)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:181)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:217)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:188)
	at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125)
	at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:94)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:129)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:614)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:515)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:443)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:325)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4651)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5154)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5149)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run$$$capture(FutureTask.java:266)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]
	at org.springframework.web.context.support.ServletContextResource.getInputStream(ServletContextResource.java:141)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:330)
	... 20 more

六月 30, 2020 9:49:00 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
严重: Error listenerStart
六月 30, 2020 9:49:00 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
严重: Context [/demo3] startup failed due to previous errors
六月 30, 2020 9:49:00 下午 org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext doClose
信息: Closing Root WebApplicationContext: startup date [Tue Jun 30 21:49:00 CST 2020]; root of context hierarchy
[2020-06-30 09:49:00,312] Artifact demo3:war exploded: Error during artifact deployment. See server log for details.
六月 30, 2020 9:49:08 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
信息: Deploying web application directory manager

我的 web.xml 配置文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="https://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="https://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
        https://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

    <!-- 启动时由spring监听 -->
    <listener>
        <!-- 用于从 RequestContextHolder 中获取Request对象 -->
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- Spring MVC核心控制器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- 配置session过期时间 -->
    <!-- filter、listener、servlet、servlet-mapping等元素要在session-config之前 -->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>-1</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
</web-app>

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解决办法：

根据抛出的错误可知，是因为没有找到我们的配置文件。在web.xml配置中添加如下配置：

<!-- 装载配置文件 -->
<context-param>
	<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
	<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

web.xml 配置文件完整内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="https://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="https://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
        https://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

    <!-- 装载配置文件 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- 启动时由spring监听 -->
    <listener>
        <!-- 用于从 RequestContextHolder 中获取Request对象 -->
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- Spring MVC核心控制器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- 配置session过期时间 -->
    <!-- filter、listener、servlet、servlet-mapping等元素要在session-config之前 -->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>-1</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
</web-app>